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Chapter 11 GP11

Chapter 02 GP02

Chapter 11

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Recitation all Shlokas from No 01 to No 55 of Chapter 11

om śrīparamātmane namaḥ
Śrīmadbhagavadgītā
athaikādaśo’dhyāyaḥ

arjuna uvāca
madanugrahāya paramaṃ(ṅ), guhyamadhyātmasañjñitam।
yattvayoktaṃ(v̐) vacastena, moho’yaṃ(v̐) vigato mama॥11.1

bhavāpyayau hi bhūtānāṃ(m), śrutau vistaraśo mayā।
tvattaḥ(kh) kamalapatrākṣa, māhātmyamapi cāvyayam॥11.2॥

evametadyathāttha tvam, ātmānaṃ(m) parameśvara।
draṣṭumicchāmi te rūpam, aiśvaraṃ(m) puruṣottama॥11.3॥

manyase yadi tacchakyaṃ(m), mayā draṣṭumiti prabho।
yogeśvara tato me tvaṃ(n), darśayātmānamavyayam॥11.4॥

śrībhagavānuvāca
paśya me pārtha rūpāṇi, śataśo’tha sahasraśaḥ।
nānāvidhāni divyāni, nānāvarṇākṛtīni ca॥11.5॥

paśyādityānvasūnrudrān, aśvinau marutastathā।
bahūnyadṛṣṭapūrvāṇi, paśyāścaryāṇi bhārata॥11.6॥

एकादशोऽध्यायः (विश्वरूपदर्शनयोगः)

ELEVENTH CHAPTER (The Vision of the Universal Form)

अर्जुन उवाच

मदनुग्रहाय परमं गुह्यमध्यात्मसंज्ञितम् । यत्त्वयोक्तं वचस्तेन मोहोऽयं विगतो मम ।। १

अर्जुनः Arjuna उवाच said:

मदनुग्रहाय Out of compassion towards me परमं supremely गुह्यम् profound अध्यात्मसंज्ञितम् that which treats of the discrimination of Self and non-Self यत् that वचः words त्वया by Thee उक्तं spoken तेन by that मम my अयं this मोहः delusion विगतः is gone (has been dispelled).

Arjuna said:

  1. By the supremely profound words, on the discrimination of Self, that have been spoken by Thee out of compassion towards me, this delusion of mine has been dispelled.

भवाप्ययौ हि भूतानां श्रुतौ विस्तरशो मया । त्वत्तः कमलपत्राक्ष माहात्म्यमपि चाव्ययम् ।। २

223

224

ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

कमलपत्राक्ष O Thou with eyes like the lotus-leaf त्वत्तः of Thee भूतानां of beings भवाप्ययौ the origin and dissolution मया by me विस्तरशः at length हि indeed श्रुतौ have been heard अव्ययम् inexhaustible माहात्म्यम् greatness अपि च and also.

  1. Of Thee, O lotus-eyed, I have heard at length, of the origin and dissolution of beings, as also Thy inexhaustible greatness.

एवमेतद्यथात्थ त्वमात्मानं परमेश्वर । द्रष्टुमिच्छामि ते रूपमैश्वरं पुरुषोत्तम ।। ३

परमेश्वर O Supreme Lord यथा as त्वम् Thou आत्मानं Thyself आत्थ hast declared एतत् it एवम् so पुरुषोत्तम O Supreme Puruşa ते Thy ऐश्वरं रूपम् Iśvara-Form द्रष्टुम् to see इच्छामि (1) desire.

  1. So it is, O Supreme Lord! as Thou hast declared Thyself. (Still) I desire to see Thy Iśvara- Form, O Supreme Puruşa.

Thy Iśvara-Form: as possessed of omnipotence, omnipresence, infinite wisdom, strength, virtue, and splendour.

मन्यसे यदि तच्छक्यं मया द्रष्टुमिति प्रभो । योगेश्वर ततो मे त्वं दर्शयात्मानमव्ययम् ।। ४

प्रभो O Lord यदि if तत् that मया by me द्रष्टुम् to see शक्यं capable इति as मन्यसे Thou thinkest ततः then योगेश्वर O

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM. 11.5 225

Lord of Yogis त्वं Thou मे me अव्ययम् immutable आत्मानम् Self दर्शय show.

  1. If, O Lord, Thou thinkest me capable of seeing it, then, O Lord of Yogis, show me Thy immutable Self.

श्रीभगवानुवाच

पश्य मे पार्थ रूपाणि शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः । नानाविधानि दिव्यानि नानावर्णाकृतीनि च ।। ५

श्रीभगवान् The Blessed Lord उवाच said:

पार्थ O son of Prthā मे My दिव्यानि celestial नानाविधानि different in kind नानावर्णाकृतीनि of various colours and shapes च and शतशः by the hundred अथ and सहस्रशः by the thousand रूपाणि forms पश्य behold.

The Blessed Lord said:

  1. Behold, O son of Pṛthā, by hundreds and thousands, My different forms celestial, of various colours and shapes.

पश्यादित्यान्वसून् रुद्रानश्विनौ मरुतस्तथा । बहून्यदृष्टपूर्वाणि पश्याश्चर्याणि भारत ।। ६

Eeभारत O descendant of Bharata आदित्यान् the (twelve) Adityas वसून् the (eight) Vasus रुद्रान् the (eleven) Rudras अश्विनौ the twin Asvins तथा also मरुतः the Maruts (the forty-nine wind-gods) पश्य behold बहूनि many अदृष्टपूर्वाणि never seen before आश्चर्याणि wonders पश्य behold.

226

ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

  1. Behold the Adityas, the Vasus, the Rudras, the twin Aśvins, and the Maruts; behold, O descendant of Bharata, many wonders never seen before.

इहैकस्थं जगत्कृत्स्नं पश्याद्य सचराचरम् । मम देहे गुडाकेश यच्चान्यद्रष्टुमिच्छसि ।। ७

गुडाकेश O Gudākeśa (Arjuna) इह this मम My देहे (in) body एकस्थं centred in one कृत्स्नं whole सचराचरम् with the moving and the unmoving जगत् universe अन्यत् else च and यद् that द्रष्टुम् to see इच्छसि (thou) desirest अद्य now पश्य see.

  1. See now, O Gudākeśa, in this body of Mine, the whole universe centred in one-including the moving and the unmoving-and all else that thou desirest to see.

Centred in one: as part of My body.

All else: e.g., your success or defeat in the war about which you entertain a doubt (II. 6).

न तु मां शक्यसे द्रष्टुमनेनैव स्वचक्षुषा । दिव्यं ददामि ते चक्षुः पश्य मे योगमैश्वरम् ।। ८

अनेनैव With this स्वचक्षुषा with eye of thine तु but मां Me द्रष्टुम् to see न शक्यसे thou canst not ते (to) thee दिव्यं divine, supersensuous चक्षुः sight ददामि (I) give मे My ऐश्वरम् Supreme योगम् Yoga Power पश्य behold.

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM. 11.9 227

  1. But thou canst not see Me with these eyes of thine; I give thee supersensuous sight; behold My supreme Yoga power.

Me: in My Universal Form.

सञ्जय उवाच

एवमुक्त्वा ततो राजन् महायोगेश्वरो हरिः । दर्शयामास पार्थाय परमं रूपमैश्वरम् ।। ९

सञ्जयः Sañjaya उवाच said:

राजन् O King (Dhṛtarāştra) महायोगेश्वरः the Great Lord of Yoga हरि: Hari एवम् thus उक्त्वा having spoken ततः then पार्थाय unto the son of Prthā परमं Supreme ऐश्वरम् रूपम् Isvara-Form दर्शयामास showed.

Sañjaya said:

  1. Having thus spoken, O King, Hari, the Great Lord of Yoga, showed unto the son of Prtha, His Supreme Iśvara-Form:

अनेकवक्त्रनयनमनेकाद्भुतदर्शनम् । अनेकदिव्याभरणं दिव्यानेकोद्यतायुधम् ।। १०

अनेकवक्त्रनयनम् With numerous mouths and eyes अनेकाद्भुतदर्शनम् with numerous wondrous sight अनेकदिव्याभरणं with numerous celestial ornaments दिव्यानेकोद्यतायुधम् with numerous celestial weapons uplifted

S discip and Adva orm hara ditio anny the vek

TH ma bli th sk

228

ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

  1. With numerous mouths and eyes, with numerous wondrous sights, with numerous celestial ornaments, with numerous celestial weapons uplifted;

दिव्यमाल्याम्बरधरं दिव्यगन्धानुलेपनम् । सर्वाश्चर्यमयं देवमनन्तं विश्वतोमुखम् ।। ११

दिव्यमाल्याम्बरधरं Wearing celestial garlands and apparel दिव्यगन्धानुलेपनम् anointed with celestial-scented unguents सर्वाश्चर्यमयं the All-wonderful देवम् Resplendent अनन्तं Boundless विश्वतोमुखम् All-formed.

  1. Wearing celestial garlands and apparel, anointed with celestial-scented unguents, the All-wonderful Resplendent, Boundless, and All-formed.

दिवि सूर्यसहस्त्रस्य भवेद्युगपदुत्थिता । यदि भाः सदृशी सा स्याद्धासस्तस्य महात्मनः ।। १२

दिवि In the sky यदि if सूर्यसहस्रस्य of a thousand suns भाः splendour युगपद् at once उत्थिता भवेत् were to rise up सा that तस्य of that महात्मनः of the Mighty Being भासः splendour सदृशी like स्यात् would be.

  1. If the splendour of a thousand suns were to rise up simultaneously in the sky, that would be like the splendour of that Mighty Being.

Mighty Being: The Universal Form.

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM 11.13 229

The splendour of the Universal Form excels all others; it is indeed beyond compare.

तत्रैकस्थं जगत्कृत्स्नं प्रविभक्तमनेकधा । अपश्यद्देवदेवस्य शरीरे पाण्डवस्तदा ।। १३

तदा Then पाण्डवः the son of Pandu तत्र there देवदेवस्य of the God of gods शरीरे in the body अनेकधा in manifold ways प्रविभक्तम् divided कृत्स्नं whole जगत् universe एकस्थं resting in one अपश्यत् saw.

  1. There in the body of the God of gods, the son of Pandu then saw the whole universe resting in one, with its manifold divisions.

ततः स विस्मयाविष्टो हृष्टरोमा धनञ्जयः । प्रणम्य शिरसा देवं कृताञ्जलिरभाषत ।। १४

ततः Then सः he धनञ्जयः Dhananjaya विस्मयाविष्टः filled with wonder हष्टरोमा with hairs standing on end देवं to the Deva शिरसा with (his) head प्रणम्य bending कृताञ्जलिः with joined palms अभाषत spoke.

  1. Then Dhananjaya, filled with wonder, with his hairs standing on end, bending down his head to the Deva in adoration, spoke with joined palms.

Deva: God, in His Universal Form.

230

ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

अर्जुन उवाच

पश्यामि देवांस्तव देव देहे सर्वांस्तथा भूतविशेषसङ्घान् ।

ब्रह्माणमीशं कमलासनस्थ- मृषींश्च सर्वानुरगांश्च दिव्यान् ।। १५

अर्जुनः Arjuna उवाच said:

देव O Deva तव Thy देहे in the body सर्वान् all देवान् the Devas तथा and भूतविशेषसङ्घान् hosts of all grades of beings ईशं the Lord कमलासनस्थम् seated on the lotus ब्रह्माणम् Brahmā ऋषीन् Rsis च and सर्वान् all दिव्यान् celestial उरगान् serpents च and पश्यामि (I) see.

Arjuna said:

  1. I see all the Devas, O Deva, in Thy body, and hosts of all grades of beings; Brahmā, the Lord, seated on the lotus, and all the Rșis and celestial serpents.

अनेकबाहूदरवक्त्रनेत्रं पश्यामि त्वां सर्वतोऽनन्तरूपम् । नान्तं न मध्यं न पुनस्तवादिं पश्यामि विश्वेश्वर विश्वरूप ।। १६

विश्वेश्वर O Lord of the universe विश्वरूप O Universal Form अनेकबाहूद्रवक्त्रनेत्रं with manifold arms, stomachs, mouths, and eyes अनन्तरूपम् of boundless form त्वां Thee सर्वतः on every side पश्यामि (I) see तव of Thee पुनः also न

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM 11.17 231

neither अन्तं the end न nor मध्यं the middle ने nor आदि the beginning पश्यामि do (I) sec.

  1. I see Thee of boundless form on every side with manifold arms, stomachs, mouths, and eyes; neither the end nor the middle, nor also the beginning of Thee do I see, O Lord of the universe, O Universal Form.

किरीटिनं गदिनं चक्रिणं च तेजोराशिं सर्वतो दीप्तिमन्तम् । पश्यामि त्वां दुर्निरीक्ष्यं समन्ताद्- दीप्तानलार्कद्युतिमप्रमेयम् ।। १७

किरीटिनं One with diadem गदिनं with club चक्रिणं with discus च and सर्वतः everywhere दीप्तिमन्तम् shining तेजोराशिं a mass of radiance दुर्निरीक्ष्यं very difficult to look at दीप्तानलार्कद्युतिम् blazing like burning fire and sun अप्रमेयम् immeasurable त्वां Thee समन्तात् all around पश्यामि (I) see.

  1. I see Thee with diadem, club, and discus; a mass of radiance shining everywhere, very difficult to look at, all around blazing like burning fire and sun, and immeasurable.

त्वमक्षरं परमं वेदितव्यं त्वमस्य विश्वस्य परं निधानम्।

त्वमव्ययः शाश्वतधर्मगोप्ता

सनातनस्त्वं पुरुषो मतो मे ।।

Sv The 30 y ne

cip

a

232

ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

त्वम् Thou अक्षरं the Imperishable परमं the Supreme Being वेदितव्यं the one thing to be known त्वम् Thou अस्य विश्वस्य of this universe परं the great निधानम् Refuge त्वम् Thou अव्ययः the undying शाश्वतधर्मगोप्ता Guardian of the Eternal Dharma त्वं Thou सनातनः the Ancient पुरुषः Puruşa मे मतः I ween.

  1. Thou art the Imperishable, the Supreme Being, the one thing to be known. Thou art the great Refuge of this universe; Thou art the undying Guardian of the Eternal Dharma, Thou art the Ancient Puruşa, I ween.

अनादिमध्यान्तमनन्तवीर्य- मनन्तबाहुं शशिसूर्यनेत्रम् । पश्यामि त्वां दीप्तहुताशवक्त्रं स्वतेजसा विश्वमिदं तपन्तम् ।। १९

अनादिमध्यान्तम् Without beginning, middle, or end अनन्तवीर्यम् infinite in power अनन्तबाहुं of manifold arms शशिसूर्यनेत्रम् the sun and the moon (Thy) eyes दीप्तहुताशवक्त्रं the burning fire (Thy) mouth स्वतेजसा with Thy radiance इदं this विश्वम् universe तपन्तम् heating त्वां Thee पश्यामि (I) see.

  1. I see Thee without beginning, middle, or end, infinite in power, of manifold arms; the sun and the moon Thine eyes, the burning fire Thy mouth; heating the whole universe with Thy radiance.

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM. 11.20 233

द्यावापृथिव्योरिदमन्तरं हि व्याप्तं त्वयैकेन दिशश्च सर्वाः । दृष्ट्वाऽद्भुतं रूपमुग्रं तवेदं लोकत्रयं प्रव्यथितं महात्मन् ।। २०

महात्मन् O Great-souled One द्यावापृथिव्योः (of) heaven and earth इदम् this अन्तरं space betwixt एकेन alone त्वया by Thee हि indeed व्याप्तं are filled सर्वाः all दिशः quarters च and तव Thy अद्भुतं wonderful इदं this उग्रं awful रूपम् form दृष्ट्वा having seen लोकत्रयं the three worlds प्रव्यथितं are trembling (with fear).

  1. This space betwixt heaven and earth and all the quarters are filled by Thee alone; having seen this, Thy marvellous and awful Form, the three worlds are trembling with fear, O Great-souled One.

अमी हि त्वां सुरसङ्घा विशन्ति केचिद्भीताः प्राञ्जलयो गृणन्ति । स्वस्तीत्युक्त्वा महर्षिसिद्धसङ्घाः स्तुवन्ति त्वां स्तुतिभिः पुष्कलाभिः ।। २१

अमी These सुरसङ्घा hosts of Devas हि verily त्वां Thee विशन्ति enter केचिद् some भीताः in fear प्राञ्जलयः with joined palms गृणन्ति extol महर्षिसिद्धसङ्घाः bands of great Rșis and Siddhas “स्वस्ति” “May it be well” इति thus उक्त्वा saying पुष्कलाभिः splendid स्तुतिभिः with hymns त्वां Thee स्तुवन्ति praise.

S discip and Advai hara fitio anny the vek

Th ma blic h sk rid Te

234

ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

  1. Verily, into Thee enter these hosts of Devas; some extol Thee in fear with joined palms; “May it be well!” thus saying, bands of great Rsis and Siddhas praise Thee with splendid hymns.

रुद्रादित्या वसवो ये च साध्या विश्वेऽश्विनौ मरुतश्चोष्मपाश्च । गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घा वीक्षन्ते त्वां विस्मिताश्चैव सर्वे ।। २२

रुद्रादित्याः The Rudras and Adityas वसवः Vasus ये those that च and साध्याः Sadhyas विश्वे Viśva-Devas अश्विनौ the two Aśvins मरुतः Maruts च and उष्मपाः Uşmapās च and गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घाः hosts of Gandharvas, Yakşas, Asuras and Siddhas सर्वे all विस्मिताः एव quite astounded त्वां Thee च and वीक्षन्ते are looking at.

  1. The Rudras, Adityas, Vasus, Sādhyas, Viśva- Devas, the two Aśvins, Maruts, Uşmapās, and hosts of Gandharvas, Yakşas, Asuras, and Siddhas-all these are looking at Thee, all quite astounded.

Uşmapās: The Pitrs.

रूपं महत्ते बहुवक्त्रनेत्रं महाबाहो बहुबाहूरुपादम् ।

बहुदरं बहुदंष्ट्राकरालं दृष्ट्वा लोकाः प्रव्यथितास्तथाहम् ।। २३

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM 11.24 235

महाबाहो O mighty-armed बहुवक्त्रनेत्रं with many mouths and eyes बहुबाहूरुपादम् with many arms, thighs, and feet बहुदरं with many stomachs बहुदंष्ट्राकरालं fearful with many tusks ते Thy महत् immeasurable रूपं Form दृष्ट्वा having seen लोकाः worlds प्रव्यथिताः are terrified अहम् I तथा so also.

  1. Having seen Thy immeasurable Form-with many mouths and eyes, O mighty-armed, with many arms, thighs, and feet, with many stomachs, and fearful with many tusks-the worlds are terrified, and so am I.

नभः स्पृशं दीप्तमनेकवर्णं

व्यात्ताननं दीप्तविशालनेत्रम् । दृष्ट्वा हि त्वां प्रव्यथितान्तरात्मा धृतिं न विन्दामि शमं च विष्णो ।। २४

विष्णो O Vişnu नभः स्पृशं touching the sky दीप्तम् shining अनेकवर्णं in many a colour व्यात्ताननं with mouths wide open दीप्तविशालनेत्रम् with large fiery eyes त्वां Thee हि indeed दृष्ट्वा on seeing प्रव्यथितान्तरात्मा terrified at heart (अहं I) धृतिं patience, courage शमं peace च and न not विन्दामि find.

  1. On seeing Thee touching the sky, shining in many a colour, with mouths wide open, with large fiery eyes, I am terrified at heart, and find no courage nor peace, O Vişhnu

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दंष्ट्राकरालानि च ते मुखानि दृष्ट्वैव कालानलसन्निभानि ।

दिशो न जाने न लभे च शर्म प्रसीद देवेश जगन्निवास ।। २५

देवेश O Lord of Devas दंष्ट्राकरालानि fearful with tusks कालानलसन्निभानि (blazing) like Praluya-fires च and ते Thy मुखानि mouths दृष्ट्वा एव having seen दिशः the four quarters न जाने I know not शर्म peace न च nor लभे do (I) find जगन्निवास O Abode of the universe प्रसीद have mercy.

  1. Having seen Thy mouths, fearful with tusks, (blazing) like Pralaya-fires, I know not the four quarters, nor do I find peace; have mercy, O Lord of the Devas, O Abode of the universe.

Pralaya-fires: The fires which consume the worlds at the time of the final dissolution (Pralaya) of the universe. I know… quarters: I cannot distinguish the East from the West, nor the North from the South.

अमी च त्वां धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्राः सर्वे सहैवावनिपालसङ्गैः ।

भीष्मो द्रोणः सूतपुत्रस्तथासौ सहास्मदीयैरपि योधमुख्यैः ।। २६

वक्त्राणि ते त्वरमाणा विशन्ति दंष्ट्राकरालानि भयानकानि ।

केचिद्विलग्ना दशनान्तरेषु संदृश्यन्ते चूर्णितैरुत्तमाङ्गैः ।। २७

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अवनिपालसङ्घः Hosts of kings of the earth सहैव with अमी those च and धृतराष्ट्रस्य of Dhṛtarāştra सर्वे all पुत्राः sons तथा and भीष्मः Bhīşma द्रोण: Drona असौ that सूतपुत्रः Sūtaputra अस्मदीयैः (with those) of ours अपि also योधमुख्यैः (with) warrior chiefs सह with त्वरमाणाः precipitately ते Thy दंष्ट्राकरालानि terrible with tusks भयानकानि fearful to behold वक्त्राणि mouths त्वां Thee विशन्ति enter केचित् some चूर्णितैः crushed to powder उत्तमाङ्गः with (their) heads दशनान्तरेषु in the gaps betwixt the teeth विलग्नाः sticking संदृश्यन्ते are found.

26-27. All those sons of Dhṛtarāştra, with hosts of monarchs, Bhīşma, Droņa and Sūtaputra, with the warrior chiefs of ours, enter precipitately into Thy mouth, terrible with tusks and fearful to behold. Some are found sticking in the interstices of Thy teeth, with their heads crushed to powder.

Sutaputra: The son of a charioteer, Karņa.

यथा नदीनां बहवोऽम्बुवेगाः समुद्रमेवाभिमुखा द्रवन्ति ।

तथा तवामी नरलोकवीरा विशन्ति वक्त्राण्यभिविज्वलन्ति ।। २८

यथा As नदीनां of rivers बहवः many अम्बुवेगाः water- currents अभिमुखाः towards समुद्रम् the ocean एव verily द्रवन्ति flow तथा so अमी those नरलोकवीराः heroes in the world of men अभिविज्वलन्ति fiercely flaming तव Thy वक्त्राणि mouths विशन्ति enter.

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  1. Verily, as the many torrents of rivers flow towards the ocean, so do those heroes in the world of men enter Thy fiercely flaming mouths.

यथा प्रदीप्तं ज्वलनं पतङ्गा विशन्ति नाशाय समृद्धवेगाः । तथैव नाशाय विशन्ति लोका- स्तवापि वक्त्राणि समृद्धवेगाः ।। २९

यथा As पतङ्गाः moths समृद्धवेगाः with precipitous speed नाशाय to perish प्रदीप्तं blazing ज्वलनं fire विशन्ति rush into तथा just so समृद्धवेगाः with precipitous speed लोकाः creatures अपि also नाशाय to perish एव only तव Thy वक्त्राणि mouths विशन्ति rush into.

  1. As moths precipitately rush into a blazing fire only to perish, even so do these creatures also precipitately rush into Thy mouths only to perish.

28 and 29-The two similes vividly illustrate how the assembled warriors rush to destruction, out of their uncontrollable nature, with or without discrimination.

लेलिह्यसे ग्रसमानः समन्ता- ल्लोकान्समग्रान्वदनैज्वलद्भिः । तेजोभिरापूर्य जगत्समग्रं भासस्तवोग्राः प्रतपन्ति विष्णो ।। ३०

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ज्वलद्भिः Flaming वदनैः with mouths समग्रान् all लोकान् the worlds ग्रसमानः swallowing समन्तात् on every side लेलिह्यसे Thou art licking Thy lips विष्णो O Vişnu तव Thy उग्राः fierce भासः rays तेजोभिः with radiance समग्रं the whole जगत् world आपूर्य filling प्रतपन्ति are burning.

  1. Swallowing all the worlds on every side with Thy flaming mouths, Thou art licking Thy lips. Thy fierce rays, filling the whole world with radiance, are burning O Vişnu!

Licking Thy lips: consuming entirely, enjoying it, as it were.

आख्याहि मे को भवानुग्ररूपो नमोऽस्तु ते देववर प्रसीद ।

विज्ञातुमिच्छामि भवन्तमाद्यं न हि प्रजानामि तव प्रवृत्तिम् ।। ३१

उग्ररूपः Fierce in form भवान् Thou कः who (art) मे me आख्याहि tell ते to Thee नमः salutation अस्तु be देववर O Supreme Deva प्रसीद have mercy आद्यं the Primeval One भवन्तम् Thee विज्ञातुम् to know इच्छामि (I) desire हि indeed तव Thy प्रवृत्तिं purpose न not प्रजानामि (I) know.

  1. Tell me who Thou art, fierce in form. Salutation to Thee, O Supreme Deva, have mercy. I desire to know Thee, O Primeval One. I know not indeed Thy purpose.

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श्रीभगवानुवाच

कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः । ऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ।। ३२

श्रीभगवान् The Blessed Lord उवाच said:

लोकक्षयकृत् World-destroying प्रवृद्धः mighty काल: Time अस्मि (I) am लोकान् world समाहर्तुम् to infold इह here प्रवृत्तः engaged त्वां thee ऋते without अपि even प्रत्यनीकेषु in hostile armies ये these योधाः warriors अवस्थिताः arrayed सर्वे न none भविष्यन्ति shall live.

The Blessed Lord said:

  1. I am the mighty world-destroying Time, here made manifest for the purpose of infolding the world. Even without thee, none of the warriors arrayed in the hostile armies shall live.

Even without thee, etc.: Even without thy instrumentality, i.e., even if, thou, O Arjuna, wouldst not fight, the end of all these warriors is inevitable, because I as the all-destroying Time have already killed them; so thy instrumentality in that work is insignificant.

तस्मात्त्वमुत्तिष्ठ यशो लभस्व जित्वा शत्रून् भुङ्क्ष्व राज्यं समृद्धम् ।

मयैवैते निहताः पूर्वमेव निमित्तमात्रं भव सव्यसाचिन् ।। ३३

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM 11.34 241

तस्मात् Therefore त्वम् thou उत्तिष्ठ do arise यशः fame लभस्व acquire शत्रून् enemies जित्वा after conquering समृद्धम् the unrivalled राज्यं dominion पुश्व enjoy मया by Myself एवं verily एते they पूर्वम् already एव even निहताः have been slain सव्यसाचिन् O Savyasacin (त्वं thou) निमित्तमात्रं an apparent cause भव be.

  1. Therefore do thou arise and acquire fame. Conquer the enemies, and enjoy the unrivalled dominion. Verily by Myself have they been already slain; be thou merely an apparent cause, O Savyasacin (Arjuna).

Be thou.

cause: People will think thee as the vanquisher of thy enemies, whom even the Devas cannot kill, and thus thou wilt gain glory; but thou art only an instrument in My hand.

Savyasācin: one who could shoot arrows even with his left hand.

द्रोणञ्च भीष्मञ्च जयद्रथञ्च कर्णं तथान्यानपि योधवीरान् । मया हतांस्त्वं जहि मा व्यथिष्ठा युध्यस्व जेतासि रणे सपत्नान् ।। ३४

द्रोणं Drona च and भीष्मं Bhişma च and जयद्रथं Jayadratha च and कर्ण Karņa तथा as well as अन्यान् others योधवीरान् brave warriors अपि already मया by Me हतान् killed त्वं thou जहि do kill मा not व्यथिष्ठाः be distressed with fear रणे in battle सपत्नान् the enemies जेतासि shalt conquer युध्यस्व fight.

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  1. Droņa, Bhişma, Jayadratha, Karņa as well as other brave warriors-these already killed by Me, do thou kill. Be not distressed with fear; fight, and thou shalt conquer thy enemies in battle.

Already killed by Me: so do not be afraid of incurring sin by killing Droņa, Bhişma, and others though they are venerable to you as your Guru, grandsire, etc.

Distressed with fear: as regards success because these great warriors are regarded as invincible.

सञ्जय उवाच

एतच्छ्रुत्वा वचनं केशवस्य कृताञ्जलिर्वेपमानः किरीटी। नमस्कृत्वा भूय एवाह कृष्णं सगद्गदं भीतभीतः प्रणम्य ।। ३५

सञ्जय: Sanjaya उवाच said: केशवस्य Of Keśava एतत् this वचनं speech श्रुत्वा having heard वेपमानः trembling किरीटी the diademed one कृताञ्जलिः with joined palms नमस्कृत्वा prostrating (himself) भीतभीतः overwhelmed with fear प्रणम्य bowing down भूयः एव again सगद्गदं in a choked voice कृष्णं to Krsna आह addressed.

Sañjaya said:

  1. Having heard this speech of Keśava, the diademed one (Arjuna), with joined palms, trembling, prostrated himself, and again addressed Kışņa in a choked voice, bowing down, overwhelmed with fear.

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अर्जुन उवाच

स्थाने हृषीकेश तव प्रकीर्त्या जगत् प्रहृष्यत्यनुरज्यते च ।

रक्षांसि भीतानि दिशो द्रवन्ति सर्वे नमस्यन्ति च सिद्धसङ्घाः ।। ३६

अर्जुनः Arjuna उवाच said:

हृषीकेश O Hṛṣīkeśa तव Thy प्रकीर्त्या in praise जगत् the world प्रहृष्यति is delighted अनुरज्यते rejoices च and रक्षांसि Rākṣasas भीतानि in fear दिशः to all quarters द्रवन्ति fly सर्वे all सिद्धसङ्घाः the hosts of Siddhas च and नमस्यन्ति bow (to Thee) स्थाने it is meet.

Arjuna said:

  1. It is meet, O Hṛṣīkeśa, that the world is delighted and rejoices in Thy praise, that Raksasas fly in fear to all quarters and all the hosts of Siddhas bow down to Thee in adoration.

कस्माच्च ते न नमेरन्महात्मन् गरीयसे ब्रह्मणोऽप्यादिकर्ते ।

अनन्त देवेश जगन्निवास त्वमक्षरं सदसत्तत्परं यत् ।। ३७

महात्मन् O Great-souled One अनन्त O Infinite देवेश O Lord of the Devas जगन्निवास O Abode of the universe ब्रह्मणः of Brahma अपि even गरीयसे greater आदिकर्ते the Primal Cause च and ते to Thee कस्मात् why न not नमेरन् they should bow सत् the Being असत् the non-Being परं

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Beyond (them) यत् which अक्षरं the Imperishable तत् That च and त्वम् Thou (art).

  1. And why should they not, O Great-souled One, bow to Thee, greater than, and the Primal Cause of even Brahmā, O Infinite Being, O Lord of the Devas, O Abode of the universe? Thou art the Imperishable, the Being and the non-Being, (as well as) That which is Beyond (them).

Brahma: the Hiranyagarbha.

The Being and the non-Being, etc.: The Sat (manifested) and the Asat (unmanifested), which form the Upadhis (adjuncts) of the Akşara (Imperishable); as such He is spoken of as the Sat and the Asat. In reality, the Imperishable transcends the Sat and the Asat.

त्वमादिदेवः पुरुषः पुराण- स्त्वमस्य विश्वस्य परं निधानम् ।

वेत्ताऽसि वेद्यं च परं च धाम त्वया ततं विश्वमनन्तरूप ।। ३८

अनन्तरूप O boundless Form त्वम् Thou आदिदेवः the Primal Deva पुराण: the Ancient पुरुषः Puruşa त्वम् Thou अस्य विश्वस्य of this universe परं the Supreme निधानम् Refuge वेत्ता the Knower च and वेद्यं the One Thing to be known च and परं the Supreme धाम Goal असि (Thou) art त्वया by Thee विश्वम् the universe ततं is pervaded.

  1. Thou art the Primal Deva, the Ancient Puruşa; Thou art the Supreme Refuge of this

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM. 11.39 245 universe, Thou art the Knower, and the One Thing to be known; Thou art the Supreme Goal. By Thee is the universe pervaded, O boundless Form.

वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणः शशाङ्कः प्रजापतिस्त्वं प्रपितामहश्च । नमो नमस्तेऽस्तु सहस्त्रकृत्वः पुनश्च भूयोऽपि नमो नमस्ते ।। ३९

त्वं Thou (art) वायुः Vāyu यमः Yama अग्निः Agni वरुणः Varuņa হাशाङ्क: the Moon प्रजापतिः Prajāpati प्रपितामहः the Great-grandfather च and ते to Thee नमः नमः salutation, salutation अस्तु be सहस्रकृत्वः a thousand times पुनः again च and भूयः अपि and again ते to Thee नमः नमः salutation, salutation.

  1. Thou art Vayu, Yama, Agni, Varuņa, the Moon, Prajapati, and the Great-grandfather. Salutation, salutation to Thee, a thousand times, and again and again salutation, salutation to Thee!

Vayu… Moon: The gods of wind, death, fire, waters, and the moon.

The Great-grandfather: The creator even of Brahma who is known as the Grandfather.

नमः पुरस्तादथ पृष्ठतस्ते नमोऽस्तु ते सर्वत एव सर्व । अनन्तवीर्यामितविक्रमस्त्वं सर्वं समाप्नोषि ततोऽसि सर्वः ।। ४०

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सर्व O All ते to Thee पुरस्तात् before अथ and पृष्ठतः behind नमः salutation ते to Thee सर्वतः एवं on every side नमः salutation अस्तु be अनन्तवीर्या infinite in power अमितविक्रमः infinite in prowess त्वं Thou सर्व all समाप्नोषि pervadest ततः wherefore सर्वः all असि Thou art.

  1. Salutation to Thee before and behind, salutation to Thee on every side, O All! Thou, infinite in power and infinite in prowess, pervadest all; wherefore Thou art All.

On every side: As Thou art present everywhere. Pervadest: by thy One Self.

सखेति मत्वा प्रसभं यदुक्तं हे कृष्ण हे यादव हे सखेति ।

अजानता महिमानं तवेदं

मया प्रमादात्प्रणयेन वापि ।। ४१

यच्चावहासार्थमसत्कृतोऽसि विहारशय्यासन भोजनेषु ।

एकोऽथवाप्यच्युत तत्समक्ष तत्क्षामये त्वामहमप्रमेयम् ।। ४२

तव Thy महिमानं greatness इदं this च and अजानता unconscious of मया by me प्रमादात् from carelessness प्रणयेन due to love वा or अपि merely सखा friend इति as मत्वा regarding हे कृष्ण O Krsna हे यादव O Yadava हे सखे O friend इति as प्रसभं presumptuously यत् whatever उक्तं said अच्युत O Acyuta विहारशय्यासनभोजनेषु while walking,

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM 11.43 247

reposing, sitting, or at meals एकः when alone अथवा or अपि even तत्समक्ष in company अवहासार्थम् for the sake of fun यत् in whatever way असत्कृतः disrespectfully treated असि Thou art अहम् I अप्रमेयम् Immeasurable त्वाम् Thee तत् that क्षामये implore to forgive.

41-42. Whatever I have presumptuously said from carelessness or love, addressing Thee as “O Krşņa, O Yadava, O friend” regarding Thee merely as a friend, unconscious of this Thy greatness- in whatever way I may have heen disrespectful to Thee in fun, while walking, reposing, sitting, or at meals, when alone (with Thee), O Acyuta, or in company- I implore Thee, Immeasurable One, to forgive all this.

Love: Confidence born of affection. In company: in the presence of others.

पितासि लोकस्य चराचरस्य त्वमस्य पूज्यश्च गुरुर्गरीयान् । न त्वत्समोऽस्त्यभ्यधिकः कुतोऽन्यो लोकत्रयेऽ प्यप्रतिमप्रभाव ।। ४३

अप्रतिमप्रभाव Of power incomparable त्वम् Thou चराचरस्य moving and unmoving लोकस्य of the world पिता Father असि (Thou) art पूज्यः the object of worship अस्य its च and गुरुर्गरीयान् greater than the great लोकत्रये in the three worlds अपि even त्वत्समः equal to Thee न not अस्ति is अभ्यधिकः surpassing अन्यः any other कुतः whence.

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ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

  1. Thou art the Father of the world, moving and unmoving; the object of its worship; greater than the great. There exists none who is equal to Thee in the three worlds; who then can excel Thee, O Thou of power incomparable?

None… to Thee: There cannot be two or more Iśvaras; if there were, the world could not get on as it does. When one Iśvara desires to create, another may desire to destroy. Who knows that all the different Iśvaras would be of one mind, as they would all be independent of each other?

तस्मात्प्रणम्य प्रणिधाय कायं प्रसादये त्वामहमीशमीड्यम् । पितेव पुत्रस्य सखेव सख्युः प्रियः प्रियायार्हसि देव सोढुम् ।। ४४

देव O Deva तस्मात् so अहम् I कायं (my) body प्रणिधाय having prostrated प्रणम्य saluting ईड्यम् adorable ईशम् Lord त्वाम् Thee प्रसादये crave forgiveness पुत्रस्य of the son पिता a father इव as सख्युः of a dear friend सखा a friend इव as प्रियायाः of one’s love प्रियः a beloved one (इव as) सोढुम् to forgive अर्हसि Thou shouldest.

  1. So prostrating my body in adoration, I crave Thy forgiveness, Lord adorable! As a father forgiveth his son, friend a dear friend, a beloved one his love, even so shouldst Thou forgive me, O Deva.

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अदृष्टपूर्व हृषितोऽस्मि दृष्ट्वा भयेन च प्रव्यथितं मनो मे। तदेव मे दर्शय देव रूपं प्रसीद देवेश जगन्निवास ।। ४५

देव O Deva अदृष्टपूर्व what was never seen before दृष्ट्वा having seen हृषितः overjoyed अस्मि I am भयेन with terror च yet मे my मनः mind प्रव्यथितं is distracted तत् that रूपं Form एव only मे me दर्शय show देवेश O Lord of Devas जगन्निवास O Abode of the universe प्रसीद have mercy.

  1. Overjoyed am I to have seen what I saw never before; yet my mind is distracted with terror. Show me, O Deva, only that Form of Thine. Have mercy, O Lord of Devas, O Abode of the universe.

किरीटिनं गदिनं चक्रहस्त- मिच्छामि त्वां द्रष्टुमहं तथैव । तेनैव रूपेण चतुर्भुजेन सहस्त्रबाहो भव विश्वमूर्ते ।। ४६

अहं I तथा एवं as before त्वां Thee किरीटिनं diademed गदिनं bearing a mace चक्रहस्तम् with a discus in the hand द्रष्टुम् to see इच्छामि I desire सहस्रबाहो O (Thou) of thousand arms विश्वमूर्ते of universal Form तेनैव that same चतुर्भुजेन four-armed रूपेण of Form भव be.

  1. Diademed, bearing a mace and a discus, Thee I desire to see as before. Assume that same four-armed Form, O Thou of thousand arms, of universal Form.

250

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श्रीभगवानुवाच

मया प्रसन्नेन तवार्जुनदं रूपं परं दर्शितमात्मयोगात् । तेजोमयं विश्वमनन्तमाद्यं यन्मे त्वदन्येन न दृष्टपूर्वम् ।। ४७

श्रीभगवान् The Blessed Lord उवाच said.

अर्जुन O Arjuna प्रसन्नेन gracious मया by Me आत्मयोगात् by My own Yoga power तव to thee इदं this तेजोमयं resplendent अनन्तम् infinite आद्यं primeval मे of Mine परं supreme विश्वम् universal रूपं Form दर्शितम् has been shown यत् which त्वदन्येन by any other than thyself न not दृष्टपूर्वम् hath been seen before.

The Blessed Lord said:

  1. Graciously have I shown to thee, O Arjuna, this Form supreme, by My own Yoga power, this resplendent, primeval, infinite universal Form of Mine, which hath not been seen before by anyone else.

न वेदयज्ञाध्ययनैर्न दानै- र्न च क्रियाभिर्न तपोभिरुग्रैः । एवंरूपः शक्य अहं नृलोके द्रष्टुं त्वदन्येन कुरुप्रवीर ।। ४८

कुरुप्रवीर O great hero of the Kurus न neither वेदयज्ञाध्ययनैः by the study of the Veda and of Yajña न nor दानैः by gifts न च nor क्रियाभिः by rituals न nor उप्रैः severe

THE VISION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM. 11.49 251

तपोभिः by austerities एवंरूपः in this Form अहं I त्वदन्येन by any other than thee नृलोके in the human world द्रष्टुं to be seen शक्यः possible.

  1. Neither by the study of the Veda and Yajña, nor by gifts, nor by rituals, nor by severe austerities, am I seen in this Form, in the human world, by anyone other than thee, O great hero of the Kurus.

मा ते व्यथा मा च विमूढभावो दृष्ट्वा रूपं घोरमीदृङ् ममेदम् ।

व्यपेतभीः प्रीतमनाः पुनस्त्वं तदेव मे रूपमिदं प्रपश्य ।। ४९

ईदृङ् So घोरम् terrible मम of Mine इदम् this रूपं Form दृष्ट्वा having seen मा not ते thine व्यथा fear विमूढभावः bewildered state (अस्तु be) मा च nor व्यपेतभीः with (thy) fears dispelled प्रीतमनाः with gladdened heart च and पुनः again त्वं thou मे of Mine तत् इदं this previous रूपम् एव Form प्रपश्य see (now).

  1. Be not afraid nor bewildered, having beheld this Form of Mine, so terrific. With thy fears dispelled and with gladdened heart, now see again this previous Form of Mine.

सञ्जय उवाच

इत्यर्जुनं वासुदेवस्तथोक्त्वा स्वकं रूपं दर्शयामास भूयः ।

17

252

ŚRĪMAD-BHAGAVAD GITA

आश्वासयामास च भीतमेनं भूत्वा पुनः सौम्यवपुर्महात्मा ।। ५०

सञ्जयः Sañjaya उवाच said:

वासुदेवः Vasudeva अर्जुनं to Arjuna इति thus उक्त्वा having spoken भूयः again तथा so स्वर्क His own रूपं Form दर्शयामास showed महात्मा the Great-souled One सौम्यवपुः of gentle Form भूत्वा being पुनः again भीतम् who was terrified एनं him आश्वासयामास pacified च and.

Sañjaya said:

  1. So Vasudeva, having thus spoken to Arjuna, showed again His own Form; and the Great-souled One, assuming His gentle Form, pacified him who was terrified.

अर्जुन उवाच

दृष्ट्वेदं मानुषं रूपं तव सौम्यं जनार्दन । इदानीमस्मि संवृत्तः सचेताः प्रकृतिं गतः ।। ५१

अर्जुनः Arjuna उवाच said:

जनार्दन O Janardana तव Thy इदं this सौम्यं gentle मानुषं human रूपं Form दृष्ट्वा having seen इदानीम् now (अहं I) सचेताः with thoughts संवृत्तः composed अस्मि am प्रकृतिं (my) nature गतः restored.

Arjuna said:

  1. Having seen this Thy gentle human Form, O Janardana, my thoughts are now composed, and I am restored to my nature.

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श्रीभगवानुवाच

सुदुर्दर्शमिदं रूपं दृष्टवानसि यन्मम । देवा अप्यस्य रूपस्य नित्यं दर्शनकाङ्क्षिणः ।। ५२

श्रीभगवान् The Blessed Lord उवाच said:

मम Mine इदं this सुदुर्दर्शम् very hard to see यत् which रूपं Form दृष्टवान् असि thou hast seen देवा: Devas अपि even अस्य रूपस्य of this Form नित्यं ever दर्शनकाङ्क्षिणः (are) desirous to behold.

The Blessed Lord said:

  1. Very hard indeed it is to see this Form of Mine which thou hast seen. Even the Devas ever long to behold this Form.

नाहं वेदैर्न तपसा न दानेन न चेज्यया। शक्य एवंविधो द्रष्टुं दृष्टवानसि मां यथा ।। ५३

यथा As मां Me दृष्टवान् असि (thou) hast seen एवंविधः like this अहं I न neither वेदै: by the Vedas न nor तपसा by austerity न nor दानेन by gifts न nor इज्यया by sacrifice च and also द्रष्टुं to be seen शक्यः (am) possible.

  1. Neither by the Vedas, nor by austerity, nor by gifts, nor by sacrifice can I be seen as thou hast seen Me.

भक्त्या त्वनन्यया शक्य अहमेवंविधोऽर्जुन । ज्ञातुं द्रष्टुञ्च तत्त्वेन प्रवेष्टुं च परन्तप ।। ५४

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ŚRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

परन्तप O scorcher of foes अर्जुन Arjuna अनन्यया single- minded भक्त्या by devotion तु but एवंविधः in this Form अहम् I तत्त्वेन in reality ज्ञातुं to be known द्रष्टुं to be seen च and प्रवेष्टुं to be entered into च and also शक्यः (am) possible.

  1. But by single-minded devotion I may in this form, be known, O Arjuna, and seen in reality, and also entered into, O scorcher of foes.

Single-minded devotion: That devotion which never seeks any other object but the Lord alone, and consequently cognises no other object but the Lord.

मत्कर्मकृन्मत्परमो मद्भक्तः सङ्गवर्जितः । निर्वैरः सर्वभूतेषु यः स मामेति पाण्डव ।। ५५

पाण्डव O Pandava यः who मत्कर्मकृत् does work for Me मत्परमः has Me for his goal मद्भक्तः is devoted to Me सङ्गवर्जितः is freed from attachment सर्वभूतेषु towards all creatures निर्वैरः bearing no enmity च and सः he माम् Me एति enters into.

  1. He who does work for Me alone and has Me for his goal, is devoted to Me, is freed from attachment, and bears enmity towards no creature -he entereth into Me, O Pandava.

Does work for me alone: Serves Me alone in all forms and manner of ways, with his whole heart and soul, and thus does not become attached to them.

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He alone, whose devotion takes the forms as described in this Śloka can know and realise Him as He is in reality, and subsequently become one with Him.

इति विश्वरूपदर्शनं नाम एकादशोऽध्यायः ।।

The end of the eleventh chapter, designated, The Vision of the Universal Form.